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Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (often abbreviated as BON, BONJ, or BON of the jaw), also called bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) (pronounced ) or bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BIONJ), is osteonecrosis of the jaw in a person with a history of bisphosphonate use who undergoes subsequent dental surgery. It may lead to surgical complication in the form of impaired wound healing following oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontal surgery, or endodontic therapy. A correlation between history of bisphosphonate use and osteonecrosis of the jaw after later surgery was detected in the oral medicine fields for several years before the exact nature of the relationship (etiology, pathogenesis) could begin to be understood, and it is still not entirely clear, although it has been nicknamed "bis-phossy jaw"〔Mario Abu-Id et al. ("'Bis-phossy jaws' – High and low risk factors for bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw" ). Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Asklepios Klinik Nord, Hamburg, Germany. ''Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery''. 04/2008; 36(2):95-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2007.06.008〕 based on its similarity with phossy jaw. There is no known prevention for bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw.〔''Osteoporosis medications and your dental health'' pamphlet #W418, American Dental Association/National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2008〕 Avoiding the use of bisphosphonates is not a viable prevention on a general-population basis because the drugs have more benefit throughout the population (preventing osteoporotic fractures and treating bone cancers) than harm (BRONJ). ==Definition== Osteonecrosis, or localized death of bone tissue, of the jaws is a rare potential complication in cancer patients receiving treatments including radiation, chemotherapy, or in patients with tumors or infectious embolic events. In 2003, reports surfaced of the increased risk of osteonecrosis in patients receiving these therapies concomitant with intravenous bisphosphonate.〔(Appendix 11: Expert Panel Recommendation for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw )〕 Matrix metalloproteinase 2 may be a candidate gene for bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws, since it is the only gene known to be associated with both bone abnormalities and atrial fibrillation, another side effect of bisphosphonates. In response to the growing base of literature on this association, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued a broad drug class warning of this complication for all bisphosphonates in 2005. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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